Heroes of the Captain's Daughter. Captain's Daughter Heroes Captain's Daughter Heroes
An analysis of Pushkin's "The Captain's Daughter" helps to better understand and understand the famous historical novel by Alexander Pushkin. It tells about the uprising of Yemelyan Pugachev. The novel was first published in 1836, it was published in the Sovremennik magazine.
The plot of the novel
To make a detailed analysis of The Captain's Daughter, you need to know the plot of this work well. The work is written in the form of memoirs of the elderly landowner Pyotr Grinev about the turbulent events of his youth.
He tells how at the age of 16 his father sent him to serve in the army.
On the way to the place of service, he accidentally meets Emelyan Pugachev, who was then a fugitive Cossack, who was only thinking about a large-scale uprising. They meet during a snowstorm, Pugachev agrees to accompany Grinev together with his elderly servant to the inn so as not to die in the elements. In gratitude, Grinev gives him his sheepskin coat.
For service, the protagonist resides in the Belogorsk fortress. Almost immediately, he falls in love with the commandant's daughter Masha Mironova. His colleague Shvabrin is also not indifferent to the girl and challenges Peter to a duel. During the fight, he gets injured. His father finds out about the incident and refuses to bless this marriage.
Pugachev rebellion
The rebels also come to the Belogorsk fortress. Masha's parents are killed. Shvabrin demonstrates his essence by swearing allegiance to Pugachev, but Grinev refuses to do so. Pyotr is saved from execution by Savelyich, who reminds Pugachev that this is the same young man who once gave him a hare coat.
But Grinev still refuses to fight on the side of the rebels, he is released to the besieged Orenburg. Peter begins to fight against Pugachev. One day he receives a letter from Masha, who, due to illness, was unable to leave the Belogorsk fortress. She writes that Shvabrin is forcing her to marry him.
Grinev rushes about, choosing between feeling and duty. As a result, he arbitrarily leaves the unit, arrives in Belogorye and, with the help of Pugachev, saves Masha. Soon, on Shvabrin's denunciation, he was arrested by government troops. Grinev is awaiting sentencing in prison.
Masha is trying to do everything to prevent the death penalty of her lover. She goes to Tsarskoye Selo for an appointment with Empress Catherine II. She accidentally meets the empress on a walk. Alone and without retinue. She honestly tells the circumstances of the case, thinking that in front of her is one of the maids of honor of the Empress.
Catherine II is impressed by this story. She releases Grinev, he returns to his parents, soon plays a wedding with Masha. This is the summary of Pushkin's The Captain's Daughter.
History of creation
This novel is a living response of Russian literature to the historical novels of Walter Scott, which were extremely popular in Russia at that time. It is worth noting that Pushkin planned to write a historical novel back in the 1820s. This is how "Arap of Peter the Great" appeared.
The first classic Russian historical novel is Yuri Miloslavsky by Mikhail Zagoskin. Literary critics note the influence of Zagoskin on Pushkin. For example, the meeting with the counselor repeats one of the scenes of Yuri Miloslavsky.
The history of the creation of the "Captain's Daughter" is interesting. The idea of the novel came to Pushkin when he was working on the chronicle "History of the Pugachev rebellion". For the sake of documentary information, he specially traveled to the Southern Urals, met with eyewitnesses of those terrible years.
Initially, Pushkin intended to make the real officer Mikhail Shvanvich, who went over to Pugachev's side, the main character of the novel. But apparently, the plot about a nobleman who is served as a robber was realized by him in "Dubrovsky". Therefore, this time Pushkin decided to turn to the memoir form, and to make the main character an honest officer who remained faithful to the oath, despite the temptation to go over to the side of the rebels in order to save his life.
Analyzing the history of the creation of The Captain's Daughter, many note that the scene of Masha's meeting with the Empress in Tsarskoe Selo, most likely, Pushkin came up with a historical anecdote about the mercy of the German King Joseph II to the daughter of a low-ranking officer. The domestic image of Catherine herself, obviously, was inspired by Utkin's engraving.
Novel or short story?
An important question that all researchers of Pushkin's work ask is how to determine the genre of this work. "The Captain's Daughter" - a novel or a story? There is still no consensus on this issue.
Those who claim that this is a story insist that the work itself is very small in volume. This is an important formal sign that indicates belonging to the story. In addition, the events described cover a small time period, which, as a rule, is not typical for a novel. Supporters of this hypothesis also point to the mediocrity of the personality of Pyotr Grinev, as well as his entourage, arguing that such heroes cannot be characters in a real novel.
In the dispute, what is "The Captain's Daughter" - a novel or a story, there is a second point of view. Despite not paying attention to its small volume, the researchers still note that the text raises a large number of serious questions and problems, covers important, eternal topics. Therefore, according to the semantic content, it is quite possible to classify it as a novel, they believe.
There is still no unequivocal answer to the question about the genre of this work.
Petr Grinev
One of the main characters in The Captain's Daughter is Grinev. At the time of the events described, he was only 17 years old. He is an undergrowth, who, almost from birth, was enlisted in the guards of the Semenovsky regiment. At that time, this was done with young men in almost all noble families. Therefore, when they reached adulthood, they went to the army already in officer ranks.
Grinev appears before the reader in the rank of ensign. This is the main character on whose behalf the story is being told. At the same time, it is mentioned that by that time Alexander I already rules the country. The story is regularly interrupted by old-fashioned maxims.
Grinev's act in The Captain's Daughter, when he sets off from Orenburg to the fortress captured by Pugachev, is still being discussed. A Russian officer, faced with a choice - between duty and feeling, chooses the latter. He actually deserts, leaving his place of service, receives help from the leader of the rebels. All this for the love of a girl.
It is noteworthy that the original version contained information that Grinev died in 1817, but then Pushkin got rid of this fact. Belinsky characterizes Grinev's character as insensitive and insignificant. A well-known critic believes that Pushkin needed him only as an impartial witness to Pugachev's actions.
Masha Mironova
Masha Mironova in The Captain's Daughter is the main female character. Pushkin describes her as an 18-year-old girl with light brown hair, ruddy and chubby. She is the daughter of the commandant of the Belogorsk fortress, where Grinev comes to serve.
At first, she seems weak and spineless, but her true face is revealed when Masha goes to the capital, to the Empress, to ask for Grinev's life. Prince Vyazemsky, giving an analysis of The Captain's Daughter, notes that the image of this heroine is a kind of variation on the theme of Tatyana Larina.
But Tchaikovsky considered her not a very interesting character, but at the same time an honest and kind girl. Marina Tsvetaeva expresses herself even sharper about Masha Mironova in The Captain's Daughter - "an empty place for any first love."
Alexey Shvabrin
The antagonist of Pyotr Grinev in The Captain's Daughter is a young officer Alexei Ivanovich Shvabrin. Pushkin describes him as a short and swarthy officer with a remarkably ugly face.
When Grinev finds himself in the Belogorsk fortress, the character of The Captain's Daughter, Shvabrin, has been serving there for five years. In this remote division, he ended up due to a duel. He was transferred from the guard. As we can see, the punishment did not teach this hero anything, since soon he calls another enemy to the barrier. This time Grinev himself.
In the fortress, Shvabrin from The Captain's Daughter is considered by many to be a freethinker. At the same time, he is well versed in literature, speaks fluent French. But when one of the decisive moments in his life comes, he has to choose which side to take, he changes his oath and goes over to the side of the rebels, Pugachev's troops. In the future, he uses his position for selfish purposes, forcing Masha Mironova, who was left an orphan in the fortress, to marry him.
According to many literary critics, this is a classic romantic villain.
Emelyan Pugachev
The figure of Emelyan Pugachev in The Captain's Daughter looks large and colorful. For example, Marina Tsvetaeva, a big admirer of Pushkin, saw in him the only real protagonist of the work, believing that he completely obscures the nondescript Grinev.
It is noteworthy that for a long time Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky hatched the idea of staging an opera based on this work by Pushkin. But in the end he abandoned this idea. He decided that the censorship would never miss this opera because of the image of Pugachev in The Captain's Daughter. This character is written so powerfully that the viewer will be forced to leave the hall, fascinated by the rebel. Since Pushkin, according to Tchaikovsky, in the work "The Captain's Daughter" turned out to be a surprisingly handsome villain.
Epigraph of the novel
Researchers of Pushkin's work always attach great importance to the epigraph in The Captain's Daughter. It becomes the famous Russian proverb "Take care of honor from a young age."
It very accurately reflects what is happening with Peter Grinev. For this hero, events develop in such a way that he is forced to make one of the most difficult choices of his life. Act like an honest person or, frightened of mortal danger and likely punishment after that, betray the closest people and his ideals, in which he believed all these years.
Remembering the heroes of "The Captain's Daughter", it is necessary to mention the father of Peter, who instructs his son before leaving for the army. He urges him to faithfully serve the one to whom he swore, to obey his superiors, not to chase approval without a reason, not to ask for service, but not to shy away from it, and also to remember the proverb "take care of the dress again, and honor - from a young age." So the father formulates the core values for Peter, pointing out what should be the most important thing in this life.
At the same time, it is worth noting that not only upbringing, but also key character traits help Grinev fulfill his father's mandate. He is always sincere and directly tells people what he thinks of them. Saves Masha Mironova from Shvabrin, rescues his servant Savelich from the hands of Pugachev's henchmen. At the same time, he remains true to the word and oath that he gave to the Empress. This adherence to principles conquers Pugachev. Because of her, he first leaves Peter life, and then helps to leave with his beloved.
The honesty and loyalty of Grinev's oath are especially pronounced against the background of Shvabrin. The latter is an educated and eloquent officer, but he only thinks and cares about himself. While remaining completely indifferent to others. For the sake of saving his life, he easily renounces the oath and goes over to the side of the enemy. Such different characters in "The Captain's Daughter".
Grinev's personality is made up of sincerity and a sense of duty. He exactly tries to follow the proverb that his father admonished and which is put in the epigraph of the novel by Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin "The Captain's Daughter". Moreover, we can observe a completely realistic hero who is sometimes afraid, doubts the correctness of his decisions, but still does not give up his convictions, performing truly heroic deeds for the sake of his loved ones and those close to him. For Grinev, in addition to duty and service, it is extremely important to always remain a person with a kind and loving heart who cannot tolerate injustice. And in others, he tries to see only the good. Even in Pugachev, in the first place, his mind, generosity and courage stand out, the fact that he tries to act as a defender of the poor and disadvantaged.
In the work of Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin "The Captain's Daughter" the image of Pyotr Grinev is given in development. Each episode of the novel gives him the opportunity to express himself from one side or another.
Analysis of "The Captain's Daughter"
Analyzing this work, the first thing to note is that it is written in the form of memoirs. According to its structure, it consists of 14 chapters, each of them has its own title and epigraph. The work is based on a real historical event - the uprising of Yemelyan Pugachev, which took place during the reign of Empress Catherine II from 1773 to 1775. Many of the problems of The Captain's Daughter that are raised in the work remain relevant to this day.
Let's take a closer look at composition. In the plot, Grinev briefly recalls his childhood and adolescence, about life in his parental home.
But there are two climaxes in the novel at once. In the first, Pugachev's army captures the Belogorsk fortress. Many officers are executed, including Masha's father, commandant Captain Mironov.
The second culmination of the novel is the heroic rescue of Masha by Pyotr Grinev, who remained in the fortress in the power of Shvabrin. The denouement is the news of the pardon of the protagonist, which Masha Mironova achieved from the Empress herself. The novel ends with an epilogue.
An important role in the novel is played by a vividly described picture of a spontaneous and merciless popular uprising. The author dwells in detail on the main causes of this rebellion, its participants and followers. As is often the case in Pushkin's works, the people play an important role. For the writer, he is not some faceless mass that blindly follows the leader. Each representative of the people is a separate independent person. At the same time, people unite among themselves, follow a certain goal. As a result, Pugachev is supported by Cossacks, Bashkirs, and peasants.
Delving into the characters' characters, it is worth noting that Pushkin pays great attention to the upbringing and characters of the characters. The author deliberately does not idealize the Grinev family. So, Grinev Sr. has an unstable character, but Peter, on the contrary, immediately arouses sympathy in the reader. Even being at the beginning of his life's journey, he sacredly remains faithful to his words and deeds. He is a brave man who is not afraid of danger, and therefore commands the respect of most readers of this novel.
It is interesting that Pushkin describes the Mironov family not without irony. The author endows Masha with a courageous and simple character, a pure heart and, most importantly, high moral principles.
Explicit hostility causes only one character - the slanderer Shvabrin. Very soon the reader will learn that he is capable of betrayal and denunciation and does not follow his oath at all. The image of the rebel leader Pugachev is majestic and tragic.
Readers are captivated by the simple and concise language in which this work is written. This makes the events described as true as possible.
"The Captain's Daughter" - a story by A.S. Pushkin, published in 1836, which is a memoir of the landowner Pyotr Andreevich Grinev about his youth. This is a story about eternal values - duty, fidelity, love and gratitude against the background of historical events unfolding in the country - the uprising of Emelyan Pugachev.
Curious fact. The first edition of the story was published in one of the issues of the Sovremennik magazine without indicating the author of the work.
In the school curriculum, an obligatory item is an essay on this work, where it is necessary to indicate quotes characterizing one or another hero of the story. We offer examples, using which you can supplement your text with the necessary details.
Petr Andreevich Grinev
Petrusha Grinev appears before us as a very young man.
... Meanwhile, I was sixteen years old ...
He is of noble birth.
…I am a natural noble…
The only son of a rather rich, by the standards of that time, landowner.
... We were nine children. All my brothers and sisters died in infancy...
... the priest has three hundred souls of peasants ...
The hero is not very educated, but not so much through his own fault, but because of the very principle of learning at that time.
... in the twelfth year I learned Russian literacy and could very sensibly judge the properties of a greyhound male. At this time, the father hired a Frenchman for me, Monsieur Beaupré ...<…>and although under the contract he was obliged to teach me French, German and all the sciences, he preferred to quickly learn from me how to chat in Russian - and then each of us went about his own business ...
Yes, this is especially and useless to him, because his future is already predetermined by his father.
... My mother was still my belly, as I was already enrolled in the Semenovsky regiment as a sergeant ...
However, he suddenly changes his mind and sends his son to serve in Orenburg.
... in the direction of a deaf and distant ...
... No, let him serve in the army, let him pull the strap, let him sniff gunpowder, let him be a soldier, not a shamaton ...
There, Grinev quickly advances in the service, without making any significant efforts.
... I was promoted to officer. The service didn't bother me...
Personal qualities:
Peter is a man of word and honor.
... Just do not demand what is contrary to my honor and Christian conscience ...
... the duty of honor required my presence in the army of the empress ...
At the same time, the young man is quite ambitious and stubborn.
... My vanity triumphed ...
... Shvabrin was more skillful than me, but I am stronger and more courageous ...
... The reasoning of the prudent lieutenant did not shake me. I stayed with my intention...
... I would prefer the most cruel execution to such vile humiliation ... (kissing Pugachev's hands) ...
Generosity is not alien to him.
…I did not want to triumph over the destroyed enemy and turned my eyes to the other side…
One of the strengths of the character of the hero is his truthfulness.
... I decided to declare the absolute truth before the court, believing this method of justification to be the simplest, and at the same time the most reliable ...
At the same time, he has the strength to admit his guilt if he was wrong.
... Finally, I told him: “Well, well, Savelich! full, reconcile, guilty; I see that it's my fault...
In personal relationships, Peter's romantic, but very serious attitude is manifested.
…I imagined myself to be her knight. I was eager to prove that I was worthy of her power of attorney, and I began to look forward to the decisive moment ...
... But love strongly advised me to stay with Marya Ivanovna and be her protector and patron ...
In relation to his beloved girl, he is sensitive and sincere.
... I took the hand of the poor girl and kissed her, irrigating with tears ...
.. Farewell, my angel, - I said, - farewell, my dear, my desired! Whatever happens to me, believe that my last thought and last prayer will be about you!
Maria Ivanovna Mironova
A young girl, two years older than Pyotr Grinev, has an ordinary appearance.
... Then a girl of about eighteen entered, round-faced, ruddy, with light-brown hair, combed smoothly behind her ears, which were on fire in her ...
Masha is the only daughter of Ivan Kuzmich and Vasilisa Yegorovna Mironov, poor nobles.
... a girl of marriageable age, and what kind of dowry does she have? a frequent comb, and a broom, and an altyn of money (God forgive me!), With what to go to the bathhouse ...
The girl, although gullible and naive, behaves modestly and judiciously.
...with all the gullibility of youth and love...
... I found in her a prudent and sensitive girl ...
... was eminently gifted with modesty and caution ...
The heroine differs from the cutesy girls of the noble circle of that era by her naturalness and sincerity.
... She confessed to me without any affectation her heartfelt inclination ...
... Marya Ivanovna listened to me simply, without feigned shyness, without intricate excuses ...
One of the most beautiful features of Masha's character is her ability to truly love herself and wish her beloved only happiness, even if not with her.
... Whether we will have to see each other, or not, God alone knows; but the century will not forget you; to the grave you alone will remain in my heart ...
... If you find yourself a betrothed, if you love another - God be with you, Pyotr Andreevich; I'm for both of you...
For all her timidity and gentleness, the girl is devoted to her fiancé and can decide on extreme measures if necessary.
…My husband! she repeated. “He is not my husband. I will never be his wife! I better decided to die, and I will die if they don’t save me ... (About Shvabrin)
Emelyan Pugachev
A middle-aged man whose most notable feature was his eyes.
... His appearance seemed remarkable to me: he was about forty, medium height, thin and broad-shouldered. There was gray in his black beard; living large eyes and ran. His face had an expression rather pleasant, but roguish. Her hair was cut in a circle; he was wearing a tattered coat and Tatar trousers...
... living big eyes just ran ...
... Pugachev fixed his fiery eyes on me ...
…his sparkling eyes…
…I looked at the bed and saw a black beard and two sparkling eyes…
... A tall sable hat with golden tassels was pulled down over his sparkling eyes ...
The hero has special signs.
... And in the bath, one can hear, he showed his royal signs on his chest: on one, a two-headed eagle the size of a penny, and on the other, his person ...
The fact that Pugachev comes from the Don is also evidenced by his manner of dressing.
... Don Cossack and schismatic ...
... He was wearing a red Cossack caftan trimmed with galloons ...
Considering his origin, it is not surprising that he is semi-literate, but he himself does not want to openly admit this.
... Pugachev accepted the paper and looked at it for a long time with a significant air. “What are you writing so cleverly? he said at last. “Our bright eyes cannot make out anything here. Where is my chief secretary?
... Lord Enaraly! - Pugachev announced importantly ...
The rebel is a freedom-loving, ambitious and arrogant person, but with clearly expressed leadership qualities and the ability to influence people.
…God knows. My street is cramped; I don't have much will...
... committing unforgivable insolence by taking on the name of the late Emperor Peter III ...
... a drunkard who wandered around the inns, besieged fortresses and shook the state! ...
... I fight anywhere ...
…The face of the impostor depicted contented vanity…
... The appeal was written in rough but strong terms and was supposed to make a dangerous impression on the minds of ordinary people ...
Pugachev is smart, cunning, far-sighted and cold-blooded.
... His sharpness and subtlety of instinct amazed me ...
... I must keep my eyes open; at the first failure, they will redeem their neck with my head ...
…His composure cheered me up……
accountable for one's actions and taking responsibility for one's actions
... it's too late for me to repent. There will be no pardon for me. I will continue as I started...
A nobleman from a noble wealthy family.
... a good surname, and has a fortune ...
It has a rather ugly appearance, and over time it undergoes strong changes for the worse.
... short in stature, with a swarthy face and remarkably ugly, but extremely lively ...
…I was amazed at his change. He was terribly thin and pale. His hair, which had recently been jet black, had turned completely gray; long beard was disheveled ...
Shvabrin was transferred to the Belogorsk fortress from the guard as a punishment.
... this is already the fifth year that he was transferred to us for murder. God knows what sin beguiled him; he, if you please, went out of town with one lieutenant, and they took swords with them, and, well, they stab each other; and Alexey Ivanovich stabbed the lieutenant to death, and even with two witnesses! ...
Proud and intelligent, the hero uses these qualities for evil purposes.
... In his slander, I saw the annoyance of offended pride ...
... I understood the stubborn slander with which Shvabrin pursued her ...
... instead of rude and obscene mockery, I saw in them deliberate slander ... "
... I really did not like his constant jokes about the commandant's family, especially his caustic remarks about Marya Ivanovna ...
Sometimes the character shows outright cruelty and is quite capable of vile deeds.
... I saw Shvabrin standing. His face showed gloomy anger ...
... in vile terms expressing their joy and zeal ...
... He grinned with an evil smile and, raising his chains, got ahead of me ...
…He treats me very cruelly…
... Alexei Ivanovich is forcing me to marry him ...
His character is characterized by vindictiveness and even treachery.
... all the trials that the vile Shvabrin subjected her to ...
... And what is Shvabrin, Alexei Ivanovich? After all, he cut his hair in a circle and now we feast with them right there! Spoiled, nothing to say! ..
... Alexei Ivanovich, who commands in our place of the late father ...
Ivan Kuzmich Mironov
Simple, uneducated, from poor nobles.
... Ivan Kuzmich, who became an officer from soldier's children, was an uneducated and simple man, but the most honest and kind ...
... And we, my father, have only one shower girl Palashka ...
A man of respectable age, who gave 40 years of service, of which 22 years - in the Belogorsk fortress, who participated in numerous battles.
... the old man is cheerful ...
..commandant, a vigorous and tall old man, in a cap and in a Chinese robe ...
... Why is Belogorskaya unreliable? Thank God, we have been living in it for the twenty-second year. We saw both Bashkirs and Kirghiz...
... neither Prussian bayonets nor Turkish bullets touched you ...
A real officer, true to his word.
... The proximity of danger animated the old warrior with extraordinary vivacity ...
... Ivan Kuzmich, although he respected his wife very much, would never have revealed to her the secrets entrusted to him in the service ...
At the same time, the commandant is not a very good leader due to his mild nature.
... Only glory is that you teach soldiers: neither service is given to them, nor you know any sense in it. I would sit at home and pray to God; that would be better...
... Ivan Kuzmich! What are you yawning? Now seat them in different corners for bread and water, so that their foolishness will pass ...
... In the God-saved fortress there were no reviews, no teachings, no guards. The commandant, out of his own free will, sometimes taught his soldiers; but still could not get them all to know which side is right, which is left ...
This is a man honest and devoted, fearless in his fidelity to duty.
... The commandant, exhausted from the wound, gathered his last strength and answered in a firm voice: “You are not my sovereign, you are a thief and an impostor, you hear!” ...
An elderly woman, the wife of the commandant of the Belogorsk fortress.
... An old woman in a padded jacket and with a scarf on her head was sitting by the window ...
... Twenty years ago we were transferred here from the regiment ...
She is a good and hospitable hostess.
... what a master of salting mushrooms! ... ... Vasilisa Egorovna received us easily and cordially and treated me as if she had known each other for a century ...
... In the commandant's house I was accepted as a native ...
She perceives the fortress as her home, and herself as the mistress in it.
... Vasilisa Yegorovna looked at the affairs of the service as if they were her master's, and ruled the fortress as accurately as her own house ...
... His wife controlled him, which was consistent with his carelessness ...
She is a brave and determined woman.
... Yes, you hear, - said Ivan Kuzmich, - a woman is not a timid dozen ...
Curiosity is not alien to her.
... She called Ivan Ignatich, with the firm intention to find out from him the secret that tormented her ladylike curiosity ...
Devoted to her husband until her last breath.
... You are my light, Ivan Kuzmich, a daring soldier's little head! neither Prussian bayonets nor Turkish bullets touched you; not in a fair fight you put your stomach ...
...Together live, together and die...
Arkhip Savelich
The serf family of the Grinevs, who was entrusted with the upbringing and management of the barchuk Petrusha.
... From the age of five, I was given into the hands of the aspiring Savelich, for sober behavior, granted me uncles ...
... Savelich, who was both money, and linen, and a caretaker of my affairs ...
At the time when events unfold, already an elderly person.
... God sees, I ran to shield you with my chest from the sword of Alexei Ivanovich! Damn old age got in the way...
... if you please be angry with me, your servant ...
... I, not an old dog, but your faithful servant, obey the master's orders and have always served you diligently and lived to gray hair ...
... that's your boyar will. For this I bow slavishly...
... Your faithful servant ...
... If you have already decided to go, then I will follow you even on foot, but I will not leave you. So that I can sit behind a stone wall without you! Have I gone crazy? Your will, sir, but I will not leave you behind ...
... Savelich lies at the feet of Pugachev. “Dear father! said the poor uncle. - What do you think about the death of a master's child? Let him go; for him they will give you a ransom; but for the sake of example and fear, they ordered me to hang at least an old man!” ...
The captain's daughter, the main characters and their characteristics (table) - briefly about each character with a description of the character and literary biography. Thanks to this table, you don’t even have to read Pushkin’s Captain’s Daughter, it is suitable for composing and quickly analyzing each character.
External details | Character |
|
Petr Andreevich Grinev | The main character. The 16-year-old son of a wealthy landowner, a former military man, a nobleman. | He has kindness, honesty, courage, a pure soul, but due to his young age, he is very inexperienced in life situations. He is principled, although he likes to barge and flaunt. |
Masha Mironova | The captain's daughter (hence the title of the novel), beautiful but poor. Most likely a virgin. | Modest, shy, kind and generous. Very sweet, emotional, ambitious. |
Savelich, aka Arkhip Saveliev | Old fortress Grinev. Mentor of Peter Grinev. A shuffling old rascal. | Thrifty, economic, but kind and loving. For Pyotr Savelich he is ready to give his life, but also for his junk too. |
Emelyan Pugachev | Chief revolutionary, Don Cossack, impostor, bandit, socialist. | Cruel, but with signs of generosity. Extremely vain. He loves honesty and sincerity in people. |
Well done officer, male, rich traitor, hunter for the cap machine. | A vile and low person, cowardly, short-barreled, loser, cunning Pinocchio. |
|
Captain Mironov | Papa Masha. An experienced military man, but a bit old. | Henpecked, but a brave and kind man who was not afraid of death and did not renounce the Fatherland and service. |
Vasilisa Egorovna | Captain Mironov's wife, Masha's mother. | A kind but powerful woman. Economic. |
Ivan Zurin | A 35-year-old officer, Grinev's new friend, whom he met while playing billiards. | Reveler, cunning, likes to drink and go on a spree. But - an honest hussar, did not put Grinev in his hat, but helped him. |
These are the main characters of The Captain's Daughter, and there are also minor ones:
- Andrey Petrovich Grinev- Peter's father, a very strict former military man, but quick-witted comrade. A very strong character, but very hot, a person is constantly busy with his worries, so sometimes he makes mistakes and does not go into details.
- Avdotya Vasilievna- the wife of the elder Grinev and the mother of Peter. From a poor family, kind and humane.
- Beaupre- an eternally drunk Frenchman who was hired to train Peter. Womanizer and gouging. As soon as Andrey Petrovich caught Bopre in an indecent form, he drove him away with urine rags, and instead appointed Savelich.
In the main characters of The Captain's Daughter, Pushkin embodied his best qualities as a prose writer, despite the tragedy of the story, it evokes surprisingly good feelings, and some places are riddled with light irony.
| Petr Grinev | Maria Mironova | Alexey Shvabrin | Savelich | Emelyan Pugachev | Captain Mironov | Vasilisa Egorovna | |
| Appearance | Young, stately, collective image of a Russian person | Pretty, ruddy, chubby, with light blond hair | Young, not very attractive in appearance, short. | Old man. It embodies the image of all Russian populism, with all the national flavor | Short, broad-shouldered with a gray beard. Sly eyes and a sly smile on his lips, which sometimes seems like a cruel grin. | An elderly man, a little funny and awkward. | Elderly woman. Her whole appearance pointed to the position of the commandant's wife. |
| Character | Decent, noble, fair | Modest, fearful, devoted | Cynical, sharp, cowardly | Smart, dedicated, savvy | Sharp, strict | Loyal, brave, kind, honest, decent. | Kind, economic, devoted to her husband. |
| Social status | nobleman, officer | Daughter of the captain of the Belogorod fortress. Ordinary girl. | nobleman, officer | Serf, yard servant of Pyotr Grinev | Peasant. The leader of the uprising. | Captain of the Belgorod Fortress | Wife of the Captain of the Belgorod Fortress |
| Life position | To be an honest officer, worthy of performing service | Become a devoted, loving wife. | In everything to benefit, to be always the first. | Obey your masters in everything. Protect Peter in all situations. | Free the peasants from the oppression of the nobility and serfdom | Fulfill his duty, imposed on him by rank. | To be a good wife and mistress of the house. |
| Attitude towards moral values | Considers following moral principles as the duty of an officer | Values morality. | Neglects morality | Possesses high moral values, such as self-sacrifice and devotion. | It is difficult to discern moral values in a person who has raised a bloody rebellion, albeit with a noble goal. | Highly moral person | Shares the assurances of her husband. He believes that immoral acts should not be. |
| Relationships with wealth | Indifferent to wealth. | Money didn't matter to her. Never dreamed of being rich | Strives for money. | Indifferent to money. | He does not particularly strive for wealth, but does not neglect them. | Indifferent to wealth. Happy with what he has. | Indifferent to wealth, content with what is |
| Moral | Moral | highly moral | Immoral | A highly moral person. | Immoral | honest, moral | moral |
| Relationships | Grinev is in love with Maria Mironova, stands up for her and participates in a duel for her honor. Masha's parents are treated with respect and reverence. Savelich is treated like a servant. I never once thanked him for his help. | She is in love with Grinev, and even a parental ban on their marriage does not relieve her of warm feelings for him. Shvabrin is afraid. He is unpleasant to her. | Treats everyone with respect. He despises the Mironov family. Passionate about Maria. Wants to marry her, but without hesitation gives her to enemies. | Devoted to his master. She loves him and is ready to protect him. He does not dare to disobey and ask for gratitude for the service. Treats everyone well who treats Peter well. | Acts as a cruel, bloody leader of the uprising. Kills the parents of Masha Mironova. But he remembers the kindness of Peter, so he gives life and releases him with Mary. | He loves his wife and daughter. Good attitude to Grinev. He takes it to his house. | She supports her beloved husband in everything. Worried about the welfare of his daughter. He treats Grinev well, but is against his marriage to Masha. |
| Devotion to the motherland, attitude towards Pugachev | Faithful to the oath. Will not go over to the side of the enemy. Does not grovel before Pugachev. Feel free to answer his questions. | Will not go over to the side of the enemy. Faithful to the status quo. He does not know how to relate to Pugachev: he killed her parents, but saved her herself. | It is easy to refuse an oath. Ready to beg for forgiveness, crawling at the feet of Pugachev. | Devoted to the motherland, devoted to the master. Doesn't want to join the rebellion. Not afraid of Pugachev. He only prays that Emelyan will take pity on Peter. | The leader of the uprising, dissatisfied with the established regime of government. | A devoted soldier who did not break his oath even in the face of death | Supports her husband in everything. He will not swear allegiance to Pugachev under pain of death. |
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- Masha Mironova is the daughter of the commandant of the Belogorsk fortress. This is an ordinary Russian girl, "chubby, ruddy, with light blond hair." By nature, she was cowardly: she was afraid even of a rifle shot. Masha lived rather closed, lonely; there were no suitors in their village. Her mother, Vasilisa Yegorovna, said about her: “Masha, a girl of marriageable age, and what dowry does she have? - a frequent comb, yes a broom, and an altyn of money, with which to go to the bathhouse. Well, if there is a kind person, otherwise sit yourself in the girls of the age-old […]
- A. S. Pushkin throughout his career was repeatedly interested in his native history, periods of great social upheaval. And in the 30s. 19th century under the influence of unceasing peasant uprisings, he turned to the theme of the popular movement. At the beginning of 1833, A. S. Pushkin got the opportunity to study archival documents about the events of the uprising led by Pugachev in 1749–1774. and began work on a historical work and a work of art. The result was The History of the Pugachev Rebellion and […]
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- The novel by A. S. Pushkin, dedicated to the events of the peasant war of 1773-1774, is not accidentally called The Captain's Daughter. Along with the historical character Emelyan Pugachev, the fictional main character - the narrator Pyotr Grinev and other characters in the novel, the image of Marya Ivanovna, the daughter of Captain Mironov, is of great importance. Marya Ivanovna was brought up in an environment of simple, unpretentious "old people" who had a low level of culture, limited intellectual interests, but courageous, […]
- The figure of Emelyan Pugachev - the leader of the peasant uprising of 1773-1774. - became famous not only thanks to the scope of the popular movement itself, but also to the talent of A. S. Pushkin, who created a complex image of this amazing person. The historicity of Pugachev is enshrined in the novel by a government order to capture him (the chapter "Pugachevshchina"), authentic historical facts that are mentioned by the narrator Grinev. But Pugachev in the story of A. S. Pushkin is not equal to his historical prototype. The image of Pugachev is a complex alloy […]
- We meet a lot of female images on the pages of the work of A. S. Pushkin. The poet has always been distinguished by love for a woman in the highest sense of the word. A. S. Pushkin's female images are almost an ideal, pure, innocent, lofty, spiritualized. Of course, not the last place in the gallery of female images is occupied by the heroine of the novel "The Captain's Daughter" Masha Mironova. The author treats this heroine with great warmth. Masha is a traditional Russian name, it emphasizes the simplicity, naturalness of the heroine. This girl has no […]
- Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin, the founder of realism and the Russian literary language, has been interested in turning points in the history of Russia all his life, as well as outstanding personalities who influenced the course of the country's historical development. Images of Peter I, Boris Godunov, Emelyan Pugachev pass through all his work. Pushkin was especially interested in the peasant war led by E. Pugachev in 1772–1775. The author traveled a lot around the places of the uprising, collected material, wrote several […]
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- Eugene Onegin Vladimir Lensky The age of the hero More mature, at the beginning of the novel in verse and during the acquaintance and duel with Lensky he is 26 years old. Lensky is young, he is not yet 18 years old. Upbringing and education Received a home education, which was typical for most nobles in Russia. The teachers "did not bother with strict morality", "slightly scolded for pranks", but more simply spoiled the barchonka. He studied at the University of Göttingen in Germany, the birthplace of romanticism. In his intellectual baggage […]
- Tatyana Larina Olga Larina Character Tatyana is characterized by such traits of character: modesty, thoughtfulness, trepidation, vulnerability, silence, melancholy. Olga Larina has a cheerful and lively character. She is active, inquisitive, good-natured. Lifestyle Tatyana leads a reclusive lifestyle. The best pastime for her is alone with herself. She loves to watch beautiful sunrises, read French novels, and meditate. She is closed, lives in her own inner […]
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"Captain's daughter" is a historical novel written in the form of a memoir. In this novel, the author painted a picture of a spontaneous peasant revolt. Pushkin managed to convey to us many interesting facts from the history of the Pugachev uprising.
Characteristics of the main characters of "The Captain's Daughter"
Description of the main characters of "The Captain's Daughter" will help to understand their nature, the reasons for their actions.
The image of Peter Grinev "The Captain's Daughter"
Pyotr Andreevich Grinev is the protagonist of the story "The Captain's Daughter". The son of a retired military man, a simple but honest man who puts honor above all else. The serf Savelich brings up the hero, teaches - Monsieur Beaupre. Until the age of 16, Peter lived underage, chasing pigeons
His father cannot realize himself. I think this is how Pushkin leads the reader to the idea that Pyotr Andreevich could have lived the most ordinary life, if not for his father's will. Throughout the story, Peter changes, from a crazy boy he turns first into a young man asserting independence, and then a courageous and persistent adult.
At the age of 16, he sends him with Savelich to the Belogorsk fortress, more like a village, so that he would "smell gunpowder." In the fortress, Petrusha falls in love with Masha Mironova, which played an important role in shaping his character. Grinev not only fell in love, but was ready to take full responsibility for his beloved. When he is besieged by government troops, he sends Masha to live with his parents. When his beloved was left an orphan, Peter risked his life and honor, which is more important to him. He proved this during the capture of the Belogorsk fortress, when he refused the oath to Pugachev and any compromises with him, preferring death to the slightest deviation from the dictates of duty and honor. Finding himself in this critical situation, Grinev is rapidly changing, growing spiritually and morally.
After meeting with Yemelyan in the Belogorsk fortress, Grinev becomes more determined and bold. Peter is still young, therefore, out of frivolity, he does not think about how his behavior is assessed from the outside when they accept Pugachev's help in releasing Marya Petrovna. For the sake of his love, he asks the general to give him fifty soldiers and permission to release the captured fortress. Having been refused, the young man does not fall into despair, but resolutely goes to Pugachev's lair.
The image of Alexei Shvabrin "The Captain's Daughter"
Shvabrin Alexey Ivanovich - a nobleman, the opposite of Grinev in the story.
Shvabrin is swarthy, not good-looking, lively. He has been serving in the Belogorsk fortress for the fifth year. He was transferred here for "murder" (he stabbed a lieutenant in a duel). He is distinguished by mockery and even contempt (during the first meeting with Grinev, he very mockingly describes all the inhabitants of the fortress).
The hero is very smart. Undoubtedly, he is more educated than Grinev. Shvabrin courted Masha Mironova, but was refused. Without forgiving her this, he, taking revenge on the girl, spreads dirty rumors about her (recommends Grinev to give her not a poem, but earrings: “I know from experience her temper and custom”, speaks of Masha as the last fool, etc.) All this speaks of the spiritual dishonor of the hero. During a duel with Grinev, who defended the honor of his beloved Masha, Shvabrin. strikes in the back (when the enemy looks back at the call of the servant). Then the reader suspects Alesya of a secret denunciation to Grinev's parents about the duel. Because of this, the father forbids Grinev to marry Masha. The complete loss of notions of honor leads Shvabrin to treason. He goes over to Pugachev's side and becomes one of the commanders there. Using his power, Shvabrin is trying to persuade Masha to an alliance, holding her captive. But when Pugachev, having learned about this, wants to punish Alexei, he rolls at his feet. The meanness of the hero turns into his shame. At the end of the story, having been captured by government troops, Shvabrin informs on Grinev. He claims that he also went over to the side of Pugachev. That is, in his meanness, this hero reaches the end.
The image of Masha Mironova "The Captain's Daughter"
Masha Mironova is a young girl, the daughter of the commandant of the Belogorsk fortress. That is what the author had in mind when giving the title of his story.
This image personifies high morality and spiritual purity. Such a detail is interesting: there are very few conversations in the story, in general, Masha's words. This is no coincidence, since the strength of this heroine is not in words, but in the fact that her words and actions are always infallible. All this testifies to the extraordinary integrity of Masha Mironova. Masha combines simplicity with a high moral sense. She immediately correctly assessed the human qualities of Shvabrin and Grinev. And in the days of trials, which fell to her lot (the capture of the fortress by Pugachev, the death of both parents, captivity at Shvabrin), Masha maintains unshakable stamina and presence of mind, loyalty to her principles. Finally, at the end of the story, saving her beloved Grinev, Masha, as an equal with an equal, talks with an unrecognized empress and even contradicts her. As a result, the heroine wins, rescuing Grinev from prison. Thus, the captain's daughter Masha Mironova is the bearer of the best features of the Russian national character.
The image of Pugachev "The Captain's Daughter"
Pugachev Emelyan - the leader of the anti-noble uprising, calling himself the "great sovereign" Peter III.
This image in the story is multifaceted: P. is both evil, and generous, and boastful, and wise, and disgusting, and omnipotent, and dependent on the opinions of the environment.
The image of P. is given in the story through the eyes of Grinev - a disinterested person. According to the author, this should ensure the objectivity of the presentation of the hero.
At the first meeting of Grinev with P., the appearance of the rebel is unremarkable: he is a 40-year-old man of medium height, thin, broad-shouldered, with gray hair in a black beard, with shifty eyes, a pleasant but roguish expression.
The second meeting with P., in the besieged fortress, gives a different image. The impostor sits in armchairs, then prancing on horseback surrounded by Cossacks. Here he cruelly and mercilessly cracks down on the defenders of the fortress who did not swear allegiance to him. One gets the feeling that P. is playing, portraying a "real sovereign." He, from the royal hand, "executes so he executes, he has mercy so he has mercy."
And only during the third meeting with Grinev P. is fully revealed. At the Cossack feast, the ferocity of the leader disappears. P. sings his favorite song (“Don't make noise, mother green oak tree”) and tells a fairy tale about an eagle and a raven, which reflect the philosophy of the impostor. P. understands what a dangerous game he has started, and what is the price in case of loss. He does not trust anyone, not even his closest associates. But still he hopes for the best: “Isn’t there luck for the daring one?” But P.'s hopes are not justified. He is arrested and executed: “and nodded his head to him, which a minute later, dead and bloodied, was shown to the people.”
P. is inseparable from the element of the people, he leads her after him, but at the same time depends on her. It is no coincidence that for the first time in the story he appears during a snowstorm, among which he easily finds his way. But, at the same time, he can no longer turn off this path. The pacification of the rebellion is tantamount to the death of P., which happens at the end of the story.
