Who is Gustave Flaubert? Gustave Flaubert - Biography, Information, Personal Life Gustave Flaubert Biography

22.10.2021

(1821-12-12 )

The youth of the writer is associated with the provincial cities of France, which he repeatedly described in his work. In the year Flaubert entered the Faculty of Law in Paris, but dropped out of school.

Flaubert's personal life was not easy. Not wanting to put his offspring at risk (he was diagnosed with epilepsy in childhood), he did not marry and did not continue his family, although he had several mistresses. After all, despite his average height, Flaubert made an impression on women who liked his green eyes and slightly curly hair. He was known as an athlete, fond of swimming, canoeing and horseback riding.

In the last years of Flaubert's life, misfortunes followed: the death of his friend Bouillet in 1869, the occupation of the estate by the advancing enemy army during the Franco-Prussian War, and finally serious financial difficulties. He did not experience commercial success when publishing his books, which for a long time caused rejection by critics. Gustave Flaubert died on May 8 of the year as a result of a stroke.

Bibliography

Compositions:

Sobr. cit.: in 8 volumes - M., 1933-1938;
Sobr. cit.: in 5 volumes - M., 1956;
Literature, art, writing. Letters. Articles: in 2 volumes - M., .

Critical Literature:

Trenchekova V.D.- "Cinematic potential in Flaubert's Madame Bovary"
Dezhurov A.S. Objective novel by G. Flaubert "Madame Bovary" // Foreign literature of the XIX century. Workshop for students, graduate students, philologists and high school students of humanitarian schools. M., . - S. 304-319.
Ivashchenko A.F. Gustave Flaubert. From the history of realism in France. - M.,;
Morua A. literary portraits. - M., . - S. 175-190;
Puzikov. Ideological and artistic views of Flaubert // Puzikov. Five portraits. - M., . - S. 68-124;
Reizov B. G. Flaubert's work. - M.,;
Khrapovitskaya G. N. Gustave Flaubert // History of foreign literature of the XIX century. - Part 2. - M.,. - S. 215-223.

Links

Russian site of Gustave Flaubert Biography, bibliography, texts of works, letters, gallery, forum.
Library of French Literature - novels in Russian and French; Maurois, Nabokov on Madame Bovary
Collected works in French - apparently the most complete collection of Flaubert on the Internet
"The Temptation of St. Anthony", Letters - version of 1856, translated by M. Petrovsky, Correspondence 1830-1880

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- (1821 1880) famous French novelist, head of the realist school in France. Along with vividly realistic works, Flaubert also wrote fantasy novels, such as Salammbault's novel. A first-class master of style, Flaubert created ... ... 1000 biographies

- (Flaubert) Flaubert (Flaubert) Gustave (1821 1880) French novelist. Aphorisms, quotes There is no such donkey, which, contemplating itself in the river, would not look at itself with pleasure and would not find the devil of a horse in itself. If a woman loves a boor, ... ... Consolidated encyclopedia of aphorisms

- (Flaubert) Gustave (1821-1880), French writer. Brilliant stylist, master of realistic writing. In the novel Madame Bovary (1857) and Education of the Senses (1869), he showed the moral insignificance of heroes from the environment of the provincial and Parisian bourgeoisie, ... ... Modern Encyclopedia

- (Flaubert) Gustave (December 12, 1821, Rouen - May 8, 1880, Croisset, near Rouen), French writer. Born in the family of a doctor. After graduating from the Rouen Lyceum, he entered the law faculty of the University of Paris, but developed in 1844 a nervous ... ... Great Soviet Encyclopedia

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- (Gustave Flaubert) famous French novelist, head of the realistic school in France; genus. in 1821, in Rouen, died in 1880. His father was a very famous doctor who was in charge of the surgical department in the Rouen hospital; mother was from... Encyclopedic Dictionary F.A. Brockhaus and I.A. Efron

Flaubert- (1821 1880) famous French novelist, head of the realist school in France. Along with brightly realistic works, Flaubert also wrote fantastic novels, such as, for example, the novel Salammbault quoted in the text. First-class master of style, ... ... Historical reference book of a Russian Marxist

Flaubert- (Gustave F. (1821 1880) French writer) Oh, companion of the eternal romance, Abbé Flaubert and Zola From the heat, a red cassock And round hats. OM915 (102.2); (Although he (the young man) was a lawyer, But he did not disdain a poetic example: Constant was friends In him with Pushkin ... Proper name in Russian poetry of the XX century: a dictionary of personal names

French writer often referred to as the creator of the modern novel. Born December 12, 1821 in Rouen, where his father was the chief physician of one of the local hospitals. From 1823 to 1840 Flaubert studied at the Royal College of Rouen, where he did not achieve much success, but showed an interest in history and a great love of literature. He read not only the romantics fashionable at that time, but also Cervantes and Shakespeare. At school, he met the future poet L. Buie (1822-1869), who became his true friend for life.

In 1840 Flaubert was sent to Paris to study law. After studying for three years, he failed to pass the exams, but made friends with the writer and journalist M. Du Can (1822-1894), who became his travel companion. In 1843, Flaubert was diagnosed with a nervous disease similar to epilepsy, and he was prescribed a sedentary lifestyle.
After the death of his father in 1846, he returned to the estate of Croisset near Rouen, took care of his mother and was mainly engaged in literature. Fortunately, he had a fortune that saved him from the need to earn a living with a pen or in other ways. In the same way, he was able to fulfill his dream of travel and devote many years to writing a single novel. He perfected his style with the utmost attention, being distracted only by professional conversations with the Goncourt brothers, I. Taine, E. Zola, G. Maupassant and I. S. Turgenev. Even his illustrious love story is associated with the poetess Louise Colet, and in their extensive correspondence, literary problems were the main theme.

Flaubert was brought up on the works of F. Chateaubriand and V. Hugo and gravitated toward the romantic way of depicting. All his life he sought to suppress the lyric-romantic beginning in himself for the sake of the most objective image of everyday reality. Early in writing, he soon became aware of the conflict between his goal and the inclinations of his nature. The first of his published novels is Madame Bovary (1857).

A great work of literature, Madame Bovary marked a turning point in the development of the modern novel. Flaubert worked through each sentence in search of the famous "right word". His interest in the form of the novel, successfully realized in the unique structure of Madame Bovary, had a strong influence on subsequent writers who set as their goal the creation of new forms and techniques - G. James, J. Conrad, J. Joyce, M. Proust and many others.

In 1862 Flaubert's historical novel "Salambo" appeared, in 1869 - the novel of morals "Education of the Senses", in 1874 - "The Temptation of St. Anthony", in 1877 - "Three Tales"; then Flaubert began to work hard on his long-conceived favorite work, the novel Bouvard and Pécuchet, but did not have time to finish it; of the proposed two volumes, Flaubert wrote only one, and that does not have the completeness of Flaubert's other works. The end of Flaubert's life was sad: he suffered from a severe nervous illness, was gloomy and irritable, broke off relations with his best friend, Maxime Ducan; his mother died, his financial situation worsened, since he ceded a significant part of his fortune to poor relatives. Flaubert did not experience complete loneliness in his old age, thanks to the tender cares of his niece, Mme Commanville, as well as friendship with George Sand; Guy de Maupassant, the son of one of his childhood friends, also gave him great consolation; Flaubert took care of the development of his young talent and was for him a strict and attentive teacher. Illness and heavy literary work exhausted Flaubert's strength early; he died of apoplexy. In 1890, a monument was erected to him in Rouen, the work of the famous sculptor Chapu.

Gustave Flaubert(fr. Gustave Flaubert) - French realist prose writer, considered one of the largest European writers of the XIX century. He worked a lot on the style of his works, putting forward the theory of the "exact word" ( le mot juste). He is best known as the author of Madame Bovary (1856).

Born December 12, 1821 in Rouen in a petty bourgeois family. His father was a surgeon in the hospital of Rouen, and his mother was the daughter of a doctor. He was the youngest child in the family. In addition to Gustave, the family had two children: an older sister and brother. Two other children did not survive. The writer spent his childhood bleakly in the doctor's dark apartment.

The writer studied at the Royal College and Lyceum in Rouen, starting in 1832. There he met Ernest Chevalier, with whom he founded Art et Progress in 1834. In this edition, he first printed his first public text.

In 1836 he met Eliza Schlesinger, who had a profound influence on the writer. He carried his silent passion through his whole life and displayed it in the novel "Education of the Senses".

The youth of the writer is associated with the provincial cities of France, which he repeatedly described in his work. In 1840 Flaubert entered the faculty of law in Paris. There he led a bohemian life, met many famous people, wrote a lot. He dropped out of school in 1843 after the first epileptic stroke. In 1844, the writer settled on the banks of the Seine, not far from Rouen. Flaubert's lifestyle was characterized by isolation, the desire for self-isolation. He tried to devote time and energy to literary creativity.

In 1846 his father died, and after some time his sister. His father left him a solid inheritance on which he could live comfortably.

Flaubert returned to Paris in 1848 to take part in the Revolution. From 1848 to 1852 he traveled to the East. He visited Egypt and Jerusalem, through Constantinople and Italy. He wrote down his impressions and used them in his works.

From 1855, in Paris, Flaubert visited many writers, such as the Goncourt brothers, Baudelaire, and met with Turgenev.

In July 1869 he was greatly shocked by the death of his friend Louis Boulay. There is evidence that Flaubert had love affairs with the mother of Guy de Maupassant, which is why they had friendly relations.

During the occupation of France by Prussia, Flaubert hid in Rouen with his mother and niece. His mother died in 1872 and at that time the writer had already started having problems with money. There are health problems as well. He sells his property, leaves an apartment in Paris. He publishes his works one after another.

The last years of the writer's life, overshadowed by financial problems, health problems and the betrayal of friends.

Gustave Flaubert died on May 8, 1880 as a result of a stroke. The funeral was attended by many writers, including Emile Zola, Alphonse Daudet, Edmond Goncourt and others.

Creation

In 1849 he completed the first edition of The Temptation of Saint Anthony, a philosophical drama on which he subsequently worked all his life. In its worldview, it is imbued with ideas of disappointment in the possibilities of cognition, which is illustrated by the clash of different religious trends and corresponding doctrines.

First edition of Madame Bovary, 1857. Title

Flaubert became famous for the publication in the magazine of the novel Madame Bovary (1856), work on which began in the autumn of 1851. The writer tried to make his novel realistic and psychological. Soon after, Flaubert and the editor of the Revue de Paris were sued for "insulting morality." The novel turned out to be one of the most important forerunners of literary naturalism, but the author's skepticism is clearly expressed in it in relation not only to modern society, but also to man in general. As noted by B. A. Kuzmin,

in the very work of Flaubert, as it were, ashamed to show his sympathy for people who are not worthy of this sympathy, and at the same time considers it below his dignity to show his hatred for them. As a resultant of this potential love and quite real hatred for people, Flaubert's pose of dispassion arises.

Some of the formal features of the novel noted by literary critics are a very long exposition, the absence of a traditional goodie. Transferring the action to the province (with its sharply negative image) puts Flaubert among the writers in whose work the anti-provincial theme was one of the main ones.

Gaston Bucière. Salambo. 1907

The acquittal allowed the novel to be published as a separate edition (1857). The preparatory period of work on the novel "Salambo" required a trip to the East and North Africa. So the novel appeared in 1862. This is a historical novel that tells about the uprising in Carthage in the third century BC.

Salambo. Alphonse Mucha (1896)

Two years later, in September 1864, Flaubert completed work on the final version of the novel "Education of the Senses". The third novel, The Education of the Senses (1869), was full of social problems. In particular, the novel describes the European events of 1848. The novel also includes the author's own life events, such as the first love. The novel was received coldly, and only a few hundred copies were printed.

In 1877, he published in magazines the stories The Simple Heart, Herodias, and The Legend of St. Julian the Merciful, written in between work on his last novel, Bouvard and Pécuchet, which remained unfinished, although we can judge its finale from the surviving author's sketches, quite detailed.

From 1877 to 1880 he edited the novel Bouvard and Pécuchet. This is a satirical work that was published after the death of the writer in 1881.

A brilliant stylist who carefully honed the style of his works, Flaubert had a huge impact on all subsequent literature, brought to it a number of talented authors, among whom were Guy de Maupassant and Edmond Abu.

Flaubert's writings were well known in Russia, Russian critics wrote sympathetically about them. His works were translated by I. S. Turgenev, who was close friends with Flaubert; M. P. Mussorgsky created an opera based on "Salambo".

Major works

Gustave Flaubert, a contemporary of Charles Baudelaire, occupies a leading role in the literature of the 19th century. He was considered immoral and admired, and today he is one of the leading writers. The novels Madame Bovary and The Education of the Senses brought him fame. His style combines elements of psychologism and naturalism. He considered himself a realist.

Gustave Flaubert began work on Madame Bovary in 1851 and worked for five years. The novel was published in Revue de Paris magazine. The style of the novel is similar to the style in the novels of Balzac. The plot of the novel tells about Charles Bovary, who graduated from a provincial lyceum. So, he gets a position as a doctor in a small settlement. He marries a young girl, the daughter of a wealthy farmer. But the girl dreams of a beautiful life, she reproaches her husband for his inability to provide such a life and gets herself a lover.

The novel "Salambo" was published after the novel "Madame Bovary". Flaubert began work on it in 1857. He spent three months in Tunisia studying historical sources. When he appeared in 1862, he was received with great enthusiasm. The novel opens with the mercenaries celebrating their victory in the war in the gardens of their general. Angry at the absence of the general, and remembering their grievances, they smash his property. Salammbô, the general's daughter, comes to calm down the soldiers. Two mercenary leaders fall in love with this girl. The freed slave advises one of them to conquer Carthage in order to get the girl.

Work on the novel "Education of the Senses" began in September 1864 and ended in 1869. It consists of autobiographical elements of the writer. The novel tells about a young provincial who goes to study in Paris. There he learns friendship, art, politics and cannot decide in his views between the monarchy, the republic and the empire. Many women appear in his life, but all of them are incomparable with Marie Arnoux, the merchant's wife, who was his first love.

The idea of the novel Bouvard and Pécuchet appeared in 1872. The author wanted to write about the vanity of his contemporaries. Later, he tried to understand the very nature of man. The novel tells how, on a hot summer day, two men, Bouvard and Pécuchet, meet by chance and get to know each other. Later it turns out that they have the same profession (copier), and even shared interests. If they could, they would live outside the city. But, having received an inheritance, they still buy a farm and are engaged in agriculture. Later it turns out their inability to this work. They try themselves in the field of medicine, chemistry, geology, politics, but with the same result. Thus, they return to their profession of copyists.

Gustave Flaubert (fr. Gustave Flaubert). Born December 12, 1821 in Rouen - died May 8, 1880 in Croisset. French realist prose writer, considered one of the greatest European writers of the 19th century. He worked a lot on the style of his works, putting forward the theory of the "exact word" (le mot juste). He is best known as the author of Madame Bovary (1856).

Gustave Flaubert was born on December 12, 1821 in the city of Rouen into a petty bourgeois family. His father was a surgeon in the hospital of Rouen, and his mother was the daughter of a doctor. He was the youngest child in the family. In addition to Gustave, the family had two children: an older sister and brother. Two other children did not survive. The writer spent his childhood bleakly in the doctor's dark apartment.

In 1836 he met Eliza Schlesinger, who had a profound influence on the writer. He carried his silent passion through his whole life and displayed it in the novel "Education of the Senses".

The youth of the writer is associated with the provincial cities of France, which he repeatedly described in his work. In 1840 Flaubert entered the faculty of law in Paris. There he led a bohemian life, met many famous people, wrote a lot. He dropped out of school in 1843 after his first epileptic stroke. In 1844, the writer settled on the banks of the Seine, not far from Rouen. Flaubert's lifestyle was characterized by isolation, the desire for self-isolation. He tried to devote time and energy to literary creativity.

In 1846 his father died, and after some time his sister. His father left him a solid inheritance on which he could live comfortably.

Since 1855, in Paris, Flaubert has been visiting many writers, including the Goncourt brothers, Baudelaire, and also meets with.

In July 1869 he was greatly shocked by the death of his friend Louis Boulay. There is evidence that Flaubert had love affairs with his mother, which is why they had friendly relations.

The last years of the writer's life were overshadowed by financial problems, health problems and the betrayal of friends.

Gustave Flaubert died on May 8, 1880 as a result of a stroke. Many writers attended the funeral, including Alphonse Daudet, Edmond Goncourt and others.

Flaubert's writings:

"Memoirs of a Madman" / fr. Memoires d "un fou, 1838
"November" / fr. Novembre, 1842
"Education of the senses", 1843-1845
"Madam Bovary. Provincial manners” / fr. Madame Bovary, 1857
"Salambo" / fr. Salammbô, 1862
"Education of the senses" / fr. L "Education sentimentale, 1869
"The Temptation of Saint Anthony" / fr. La Tentation de Saint Antoine, 1874
"Three stories" / fr. Trois contes, 1877
Bouvard and Pécuchet, 1881

Film adaptations of Flaubert:

Madame Bovary (dir. Jean Renoir), France, 1933
Madame Bovary (dir. Vincente Minnelli), 1949
Education of the Senses (dir. Marcel Cravenne), France, 1973
Save and Save (dir. A. Sokurov), USSR, 1989
Madame Bovary (dir. Claude Chabrol), France, 1991
Lady Maya (Maya Memsaab), (dir. Ketan Mehta), 1992, (based on the novel "Madame Bovary")
Madame Bovary (dir. Tim Fievell), 2000
Night after night / All nights (Toutes les nuits), (dir. Eugene Green), (based on), 2001
Simple soul (Un coeur simple), (dir. Marion Lane), 2008
Madame Bovary (dir. Sophie Barthez), 2014

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